Wrath of the Lich King introduces a new profession, Inscription. Classic (1-300) Master (300-375) Grand Master. Direct HPS increase; Glyph of Earth Shield: Increases the amount of healing done by Earth Shield by 20%. PVE Frost DPS; PVE Fire DPS; PVE Arcane DPS; Paladin. This guide will provide a list of recommended spell rotations to maximize your effectiveness in raids and dungeons, as well as list your most important cooldowns. 3. Regrowth useful as a second Heal over Time (HoT) on tanks or anyone taking alot of damage. With no Feral tank guide currently being up with working links to talent specs (that i saw), I wanted to post a guide mainly focusing on talents. Shaman Elemental Enhancement Restoration. __Twitch: Feralina13 (live de segunda a sexta)Instagram: @antony_13kkjDiscord do Canal: Frenzied Regeneration is active, healing effects on you are 20% more powerful. 5) Welcome to Wowhead's Stat Priority Guide for Restoration Druid Healer in Wrath of the Lich King Classic. ; Adaptability: How adaptable the spec is, meaning how many different types of arena teams it fits well into, how many top tier comps it can play in, etc. 3. Utilizo en las habilidades macro de mouseover y me apoyo con el Addon Grid. Guía Paladín Sagrado PvE Woltk [3. A Restoration Druid's priority should be keeping the group alive. I cant really speak for PVE because i mostly BG but. Effective healing has a 0. Read our gear lists for optimal pre-raid, Blackwing Lair, and Molten Core loot, as well as our ranking of Tier Sets. This guide will prodive a list of recommended stats to gear, enchant, and gem for, as well as how attributes impact your class performance in raids and dungeons. 4. Meta Ember Skyflare Diamond. Just choose your faction and you’ll be level 90 before you know it! Alliance Leveling Guide 1-90 Horde Leveling Guide 1-90This guide contains: #1 Introduction. 3. 5, particularly Hpal, Fire mage, and Rsham. Druid PvE Restoration Heals Talents and Best in Slot gear lists. El druida heal es una de las clases más versátiles del juego. 5a Talentos: Glifos: Mayores - Glifo de Alivio Presto - Glifo de Estimular - Glifo de Rejuvenecimiento Rápido Menores - Glifo de lo salvaje. This weapon has a large impact on the healer metagame, as. Cons to Leveling a Druid. This comes at the cost of reducing incoming healing by 50%, on a 2 minute cooldown. Cualquier duda pueden contactarme. Hit -> Spell Power -> Critical Strike -> Haste -> Spirit -> Intellect. Acima do soft cap, o haste só irá influenciar o dps do. Really handy in BG’s or arenas. 4, PVE RAID HEALER RESTORATION DRUID TALENT GUIDE & GLYPHS WOW CATACLYSM 4. Faerie fire has a specific spec casting it from druid side, restoration druids don't cast it "just in case" the proper spec forgets. 5s, por ende si no se rebaja GCD demoraremos mas en usar una habilidad de. Druid;. With it , you can do a lot of things , but mostly you can track buffs and debuffs. Completely unique utility that only Druids bring. 5a Profiles(Only for PvE) include: - Resto Solo Profile; - Resto 25-40 Player Profile; - Feral Cat; - Guardian Bear; - Moonkin; Virustotal → Link for Download Mediafire → Druid 3. Those would be Blood Death Knights, melee. Guardian. FORUMS. Pops up an icon when anyone set to "Tank" group role, or marked as Main Tank in raid, is missing Thorns. Elixir of Wisdom : Not the absolute best intellect buff at this level, but only by one point. assignment Copy import string help. Downloads: 21641. Restoration Druid Builds and Talents. Likewise, with a large arsenal of HoTs and direct heals to choose from, druids make excellent secondary (support) tank healers, and can even excel as the solo or primary tank healer, depending on the difficulty of the encounter. Outside of that, ideally, as a healer, you will want to use “mouseover” macros for almost everything you do. Contribute. Those would be Blood Death Knights, melee. The main one you want to always have is a macro to combine Nature’s Swiftness and Healing Touch, saving you precious time whenever you use it. From my most favorite to least in terms of overall strength in PVP i would rate Rdudu the best, Holy Pal, Shaman, Priest. If you are running out of mana use Flash of Light. You only need 1 Druid for it, but every raid will want at least 1 Druid just for this. Essential. 5, particularly Hpal, Fire mage, and Rsham. Talents; This build is for people with Lasherweave Battlegear. Best Races There are only 2 races to pick from to be…. Feral Druid PvE DPS Rotation Guide [3. 3. 5% increased. Welcome to Wowhead's Stat Priority Guide for Restoration Druid Healer in Wrath of the Lich King Classic. Welcome to Wowhead's Restoration Druid Healer PvE Class Overview guide for Wrath of the Lich King Classic! This guide will help you improve at your class and role, improving your knowledge to face the hardest Dungeons and Raids from Wrath of the Lich King Classic. The guide includes Talents, Glyphs, Gems, Enchantments, Add-ons, Gameplay & Skill rotation tips, Team. Bear tanking in patch 2. Instant, burst damage from range. With their ability to shapeshift as well into various travel forms, Druids are the most flexible class in the game, able to choose their form based on what content they wish to pursue. aquí les dejo un vídeo de como podrán curar mucho mejor con un druida :) cualquier duda o quisieran algún consejo de alguna mazmorr. The guide includes Talents, Glyphs, Gems, Enchantments, Add-ons, Gameplay & Skill rotation tips. Welcome to the Restoration Druid PvE guide for World of Warcraft: Wrath of the Lich King Classic! Restoration Druids bring with them the gift of Eonar, the titan of life and nature in all shapes or forms, offering their nurturing spells to whoever seeks their aid. This means that, instead of a rotation, we will have a priority list of spells that changes based on your situation. Hello everyone, and welcome to my Moonkin PvE guide! Before I get into it, I should probably say a few things about me. Welcome to Wowhead's Leveling 1-80 Guide for Restoration Druid Healer in Wrath of the Lich King Classic. (Heal increase). If the healer is specialized, the symbol’s background will be colored according to their class. Hysteria is a must-have talent as a Blood DK. Pre-Raid BiS (+Other Options) Armor Head - Whitemend Hood or Cowl of Naaru Blessings Neck - Karja's MedallionAlternative - Archaic Charm of Presence (World Boss - Doomwalker)Shoulders - Primal Mooncloth Shoulders (Requires Tailoring) or Hallowed Pauldrons Cape - avian cloak of feathers or lifegiving cloakChest - primal. It is an incredible spell power boost that stays the whole game as long as a Rejuvenation goes out semi-frequently. The guide includes talents, gems, enchantments, and rotation information. This guide will outline how to best be prepared as a Feral Druid, mainly focusing on the tanking role of the spec. This effect is extremely potent for heavy-melee comps, however, it can’t stack with an Enhancement Shaman’s Unleashed Rage. Restoration Druid Rotation, Cooldowns, and Abilities. Mas visualmente, un tanque con 98% de armadura (teoricamente) , si aumenta un 1% su armadura el daño recibido se ha reducido de 2k a 1k. Classes. Alliance Night Elf is the only race option for Alliance Druids. 5 de wow, espero que os guste :D Talentos - rotacion - consejos, para poder usar mejor el druida heler. Welcome to the Shadow Priest DPS PvE guide for World of Warcraft: Wrath of the Lich King! There are members of the clergy who show an affinity for a different, corrupting type of magic. Many guilds and raid groups may not invite you at all. Priest (S-Tier) Paladin (S-Tier) Shaman (A-Tier). 3. Welcome to the Discipline Priest PvP, Wrath of the Lich King guide! Discipline Priests are one of the strongest healing specializations in the entire expansion, offering strong heals, absorption effects, utility, and crowd control! They have access to a large variety of spells, allowing them to have an answer to…Fury Warriors were the top dog of Classic and among the strongest DPS specs in TBC — a trend which firmly continues in Wrath of the Lich King. TomTom is a navigation addon which allows you to set waypoints on your map with /way CoordX CoordY (replace with the numbers of the coordinates you want to go to). These individuals may even occasionally reject the teachings of the Light and turn to its exact opposite — the Shadow — as their source of. First of all, the Global Cooldown for casters is 1. Death Knight Blood Frost Unholy. A skilled resto druid is a valuable asset to any party or raid. PVE Affliction DPS;. Talent Builds. Situational Direct HPS increase. Recommending the best gear obtained without stepping foot into a raid for your class and role, sourced from Heroics, reputation rewards, and the new 10-man Raid loot added to Titan Rune Beta Dungeons. Talentos para druida heal 3. Vampiric Blood increases all healing received by up to 35% while also increasing your max. Welcome to our PVE Balance Druid guide for WoW WotLK. Besides your gear and talents, there are 3 additional ways you as a player can increase your character’s power: gems, enchants, and consumables, which make your character significantly more powerful when combined correctly. Brevemente: las 4 partes del tier 10 son obligatorias en el druida heal. You also get a nice ranged boost from Nature's Reach. 5, imo, resto druid falls to B on most bosses and S+ on very few, Hpal and druid tank climb to S+, Rsham to S, Fire mage goes S+, prot warrior and arcane mage fall to B. Recount is a graphical damage meter written by Cryect. Besides your gear and talents, there are 3 additional ways you as a player can increase your character’s power: Gems, Enchants, and Consumables, which have the potential to make your character significantly more powerful when combined correctly. So far I like the monk healer but. PVE Resto Healer; PVE Feral Tank; Hunter; Mage; Paladin (Tank) Priest (Holy) Rogue; Shaman. While a clear best in slot (BiS) list is always available in WoW Classic, the items contained might be extremely hard or expensive to get. The design is inspired by several screenshots I’ve seen from TukUI, ElvUI. Evoker. I. Download. Nourish fills in healing. 3. ; Synergy: How strong the spec is when combined with other popular specs. 5. This makes it extremely desired in groups, and especially so in raids, where area of effect healing is very valuable, and one Shaman per group is. 5, and includes BIS gear, gems, enchantments, gameplay, and. Leer abajo_____Amigos espero que les aya gustado el video !!. Welcome to Wowhead's Phase 1 Best in Slot Gear list for Balance Druid DPS in Wrath of the Lich King Classic. You generally won't have enough talent points to spend into this since it really only increases dps by a very small margin. [/color] Bueno como les vengo acá presentando una. Genesis—This is a new talent early on in the Balance tree that increases. 3. We also give budget alternatives. . Welcome to our Feral Druid talent specialisation guide for WoW Classic: Season of Mastery! This guide aims to take an in-depth look at all the different PvE specs for a Feral Druid, and then go into detail on all the important talents as well as those to miss. Restoration Druid Tier 9, Runetotem's Garb, is obtained differently than before. Warrior Protection (TANK )3. Amulet of Dazzling Light – Heroic Nexus (Anomalus); Dragon Prow Amulet – Heroic Utgarde. 2. 5 Lich King JardelTV 2/13/2019 06:10:00 AM Este tutorial contem informações necessárias para o seu druida healer abrangendo caps, principais status, build, gemas e tudo o que for preciso para um bom começo em sua game-play! Restoration Druid Healing Macros and Addons — Dragonflight 10. 3. As mentioned each healer brings something different to the mix. Weakauras and Plater are two of the ones I recommend most. The abilities unique to the Restoration spec are below. Cast Sacred Shield and Beacon of Light on the tank and use Flash of Light, Holy Light and Holy Shock to heal everyone else. Welcome to Wowhead's PvP Arena Season 5 Best in Slot Gear list for Restoration Druid Healer in Wrath of the Lich King Classic. This guide will list the recommended gear for your class and role, containing gear sourced from raids, dungeons, PvP,. . 5a v3. Helm of Anomalus – Heroic Nexus (Anomalus); Battlemap Hide Helm – Heroic Utgarde Keep (Prince Keleseth); Helm of the Majestic Stag – Kirin Tor Reputation (Honored); Greensight Gogs – Engineering (440); Neck. This is major because of Immolation Aura and Shadow Cleave from Metamorphosis, our Felguard also deals a minor bit of cleave damage thanks to, well Cleave. 2v2 Arena Teams for. Gemas. Healing only one tank. Welcome to our WoW Classic guide for Balance Druids! The versatile druid is capable of filling any role within the game, making it a true hybrid class. Guide Navigation. Best use of PVE Talents. 1 - Introduction. although Restoration provides a very strong combination of healing and utility compared to other healer specs in PvP. Why tank as a druid: A. Welcome to Wowhead's WotLK Classic PvE tier list predictions for Phase 3 Trial of the Grand Crusader. Flash Heal: As a Discipline priest this should be your most used raw heal when Shield is on cool down. PVE All Specs; AOE Grinding Spots; Polymorph Pig (Quest) Water Quest (LvL 55) Paladin. 2. 2. Welcome to Wowhead's PvP and Arena Guide for Restoration Druid Healer in Wrath of the Lich King Classic. 3. Since its inception at the dawn of Classic, this incredibly overpowered raid cooldown has caused casters to get in violent fights over who gets it. Restoration Druid PvE Guides. 3. 5 dividindo espaço com o Druid Restoration. Addons for Restoration Druid Healer in Wrath of the Lich King Addons enhance the user interface for World of Warcraft to add commonly used functions or more easily display important information. PVE Holy Healing; PVE Shadow DPS; Warlock. fast access to multiple outfits to optimize your abilities in PvE and PvP. Similarly to talents, our Glyphs are pretty straightforward — you won’t really want to deviate from this standard configuration. Downloads: 11873. 6. Druid. Espero les sea de mucha ayuda. Best Druid Spec for PvE. Mage Arcane Fire Frost. Blue Purified Dreadstone. Link del Servidor: : : REJUVENECIMIENTO RÁPIDO, CRECIMIENTO SALVAJE, ALIVIO PRESTO. Druid is considered to be a hybrid class - in addition to dealing damage, it can heal itself and allies, control opponents, and inflict negative effects on them. Shoulder – Zandalar Signet of Serenity, +33 Healing Power. Let’s say you want to display all Iron Deposit deposits, then type in chat or create a macro with the text: /db object Iron Deposit. Yellow Reckless Ametrine. In this guide, you will learn about playing a Feral Druid (Cat) in a raid. Contribute. La celeridad como Druida Restauración, va a hacer la estadística más importante. Most 25-man raids will have a Resto Druid and thus we don’t absolutely need to be the ones to offer this buff, but we pick up the talent for the extra armor anyway, and it can situationally be useful in 10-man. 2, Discipline Priest has recieved fairly significant changes to its talent tree resulting in nearly every page of the guide recieving updates. Equipment will be the main source of your character’s power, contributing the biggest bulk of your stats. Lover of cats. It's a pretty basic look at things, but Paladins easily outrank the rest in the WotLK healer tier list. Download. Holy Paladin is widely regarded as the most powerful healer in Wrath of the Lich King. Druid is better in most cases. Can be used in conjunction with other druids HoTs and is used to instantly heal someone for a quite impressive amount and trigger Efflorescence. Hammer of Sanctification + Book of Highborne Hymns is 652. 3. Some are specific for my 2v2 partner so just change name and thats it. Many druid macros make use of the stance modifier to detect which form you are taking. 5a. 4-rotacion. Esta é uma build focada para a raid e não possui o talento. Retribution Paladins have very few actual abilities to use, which makes them have fairly low damage output. For pve both specs are good, but Druid is better for 5 man content by a mile. If you have done any 3v3 arena at all in Wrath of the Lich King, chances are you’ve seen the incredibly powerful combination of Warlock / Ele Shaman / healer. MAJOR GLYPHS : Glyph of Seal of Wisdom - While Seal of Wisdom is active, the cost of your healing spells is reduced by 5%. Welcome to Wowhead's Pre-Raid Best in Slot Gear list for Restoration Druid Healer in Wrath of the Lich King Classic. This guide will cover leveling viability, tips and tricks, best leveling builds, leveling rotation, cooldowns, new abilities to train, best leveling gear, best leveling professions, and best consumables for leveling. Druid Leveling (1-70) Balance. Pick up these enchants for your Restoration Druid: Helm – Animist's Caress, +24 Healing Power, +10 Intellect, +10 Stamina or Arcanum of Focus, +8 Spell/Healing Power. Maximiza tu desempeño como tanke!!mi canal de twitchel grupo para que promociones tu guild por si quieren raidear!!Priest (Holy) B. This guide will prodive a list of recommended stats to. Talentos: Nature Resistance reduces the chance you are hit with Nature spells by 2%. Besides your gear and talents, there are 3 additional ways you as a player can increase your character’s power: gems, enchants, and consumables, which make your character significantly more powerful when combined correctly. Increases the chance for your Growl ability to work successfully by 8%. Sanctified Lasherweave Helmet. Guía Druida Restauración PvE Woltk [3. Best Consumables for Holy Priest Healer in Wrath of the Lich King There are a lot of powerful consumables that can be. On this page, we list the best gems, enchants, flasks, potions, and food you can get for your Balance Druid, based on your stat priority. GUÍA DRUIDA - Restauración PVE 3. PvE Restoration Druid Healer Menu Toggle. Rotation, Cooldowns, & Abilities. PVE Frost DPS; PVE Fire DPS; PVE Arcane DPS; Paladin. The first Restoration Druid build comes with the highest healing capacity for your team, giving you access to spells like Nature’s Swiftness and Swiftmend to help you alter the tide of battle by refreshing yourself and your allies. Mainly for use with WoTLK private servers. Druid. This is intentional, as you have a lot of options for where to place those extra talents, all of which are valid. 3. If you do, check out the Druid Feral 1-80 Leveling Talent Build (3. Not compatible with the current version of WoTLK which is actually based off of the Legion expansion. En esta guía, aprenderás a jugar con un druida de restauración en una incursión. Guide for Restoration Druid on Wrath of the Lich King (3. Abilities for Restoration Druid Healer in Wrath of the Lich King Healing Abilities. 4 PVP Frost Mage Talent Build & Glyphs Cataclysm 4. . Druid Restoration 10. Engineering is the king of professions for PvE content, offering a vast, vast array of different benefits. 📹 TROVO - INSTAGRAM - DISCORD - instant heal is an incredible tool to pull out of the bottom of your toolbox during a close match. Um Breve guia sobre como bluidar seu shaman restoration para as Raids, Gemas, talentos, glifos e dicas sobre habilidades. The Warlock's Felhunter has the ability to dispel magic. Good guides to explain this in the druid discord. Bienvenido a la guía Restauración Druid Healer para World of Warcraft Wrath of the Lich King 3. 2 Class Set 2pc, you should be playing Incarnation: Tree of Life. Discipline Priest and Guide Changes for Patch 10. The best gems, enchants, and consumables for your Restoration Druid in WoW Dragonflight 10. Un 50% menos de daño recibido. CAPS : -Celeridad Equilibrada-Critico 18%-21%. Every macro should work. Druid Restoration (Healer) Major Glyphs Esses são os glyphs indispensáveis para raids (25m/10m). Contribute. This guide will provide a list of recommended gems and enchants for your class and role, as well as general advice for preparing your character to meet specific PvE Stat and Attribute benchmarks. In PvP, the Alliance advantage is even more. more_vert. PVE Affliction DPS;. Feral Druid Tank Guide 3. 3. 3. This guide will provide a list of recommended talent. 3. Resto Druid Guide WOTLK - Restoration Druid Healing Guide. The only other consideration is a Feral Druid, which is in the D Tier. War Stomp is a 2-minute cooldown that stuns up to 5 enemies within 8 yards for 2 seconds, with a 0. Haste Cap. 3. Welcome to the Restoration Druid PvE guide for World of Warcraft: Wrath of the Lich King Classic! Restoration Druids bring with them the gift of Eonar, the titan of life and nature in all shapes or forms,. 3. Many guilds and raid groups may not invite you at all if you don. If you were looking for TBC Classic content, please refer to our TBC. Restoration Druid PvE Guides. 3. On some packs and affixes, you can afford to heal your group between the pulls or let the HoTs tick fully without resorting to single-target healing spam. Help and plugin information available on the main site; Discord. PVE Survival DPS; PVE Marksmanship DPS; PVE Beast Mastery DPS; Mage. 2 to ensure you are up to date on all the. Optimize your rotation and cooldowns to maximize your healing output and HPS as a Holy Paladin in WoW Dragonflight 10. Guia básico Druid Restorarion Pve 3. Improved Blessing of Wisdom will boosts the Mp5 of every mana user in the raid, and Improved Devotion Aura will increase healing done from all sources by 6% as well as give additional armor. You only need 1 Druid for it, but every raid will want at least 1 Druid just for this. Class guides for all Druid specializations in World of Warcraft: Wrath of the Lich King (WotLK) Classic: Balance, Feral Tank, Feral DPS, and Restoration Druid. #3 Gear,Gems and Enchants. Many guilds and raid groups may not invite you at all if you don’t have the. If you were looking for WotLK Classic content, please refer to our TBC Druid addons and macros. 3. The stance numbers each refer to a Form. Genesis increases the damage and healing done by periodic effects by 5%. 5, balance druid pve build and glyphs, balance druid pve build and glyphs 3. Make sure you have Rejuvenation or Regrowth on the target before using this. Heals over time allow the Druid to heal on the move and keep healing even while the Druid is crowd controlled or temporarily out of line-of-sight or. PVE Resto Healer; PVE Feral Tank; Hunter; Mage; Paladin (Tank) Priest (Holy) Rogue; Shaman. 3. ¿Por qué? En este parche (3. PVE Balance DPS; PVE Feral DPS; PVE Feral Tank; PVE Resto Healer; Hunter. Some forms can also let you bring a. Holy Paladin s are the strongest single-target healer in the game and are essential to any raid's success, as they are primarily. Cast Sacred Shield and Beacon of Light on one of the tanks and continually cast Holy Light & Holy Shock. 4. An Alliance player and a Horde player will have different priorities and buffs. PVE Holy Healing; PVE Shadow DPS; Warlock. 5. 2. The increased armor and the the ability to interrupt is very handy when you are out of cyclones and your opponent is low and you need those extra seconds, The lesser used of the two but when used right this spec is very neat. Contents. The first section is three basic lists, providing you full. 5a. Spoiler: Show. Discord contact: Nap#7746 Preview video: (older version, feel free to contact me if you want to see your video here) Instead of updating WA, please delete all and reimport it, people reported. Chest. 5Curta nossa Fan Page: nosso Blog: is a list of the macros that I use:#showtooltip Rejuvenation(Rank 15)/use [@mouseover,help,nodead] [help,nodead][@player]Rejuven. Make sure you have Rejuvenation or Regrowth on the target before using this. $2. 3. PVE Enhance; PVE Resto; Warlock; Warrior; Pre-Raid BiS Gear List. This build has 4 points available to spend as you please. Guía Sacerdote Disciplina PvE 3. That does not necessarily mean keeping everyone at 100% Health or aiming to do so at all times possible. Guía Druida Restauración PvE Woltk [3. Gear setup. You have some powerful Healing Touch talents but you will mostly be staying in the Tree of Life form. Contribute. These are hand-crafted BiS lists that aim to maximize your characters' power by putting together the best combination of items. > Wild Growth: Instant cast multi-target that ticks every sec for 7 sec. PVE Enhance; PVE Resto; Warlock; Warrior; Pre-Raid BiS Gear List. 5 - Gruu's Lair WoW - WoW Brasil - Raid WoW 3. This guide is a work in progress and i will add to it as well as make it more aesthetically pleasing in the future. Restoration Shamans are often considered to be leaders of their tribes, bringing peace between their people and the natural world. 4% . Restoration Druid Healing: Restoration Druid PvP: Strengths of Feral Druid DPS in WoW Classic . So in comparing the raw power healing to each other the 856 spec provides us with more healing options/ more power than the 735 spec does. Warrior Arms PVP/ Fury PVE - I have to modify the pvp profile, it just made the simple rotation of arms warrior but dont reflect, interrupt or change. Engineering. Considering Healing Power is your most important stat, the bonuses you get from enchants are well worth their expensive price tag! Pick up these enchants for your. HOT = Heal over Time, DOT = Damage over Time, P = Passive effect, Mastery: Harmony, 10, P, For each of the HOTs you have up on a target your healing will be increased by 4%. Engineering. So in comparing the raw power healing to each other the 856 spec provides us with more healing options/ more power than the 735 spec does. Completely unique utility that only Druids bring. Portanto pra afirmar uma coisa, deixarei claro que: Paladin é uma classe alvo dos players, por ser uma classe fácil em manter agro e de se jogar também. In gameplay terms, Restoration Shamans can. DeadlyBossMods – Allows you to track boss abilities. This page is updated for World of Warcraft — Dragonflight 10. . 4. 5 WotLK. October 2023 update: So warmane has officially ended it's frostmourne seasonal servers and as of this update, is awaiting the launch of their new Onyxia server for Vanilla-TBC-WotLK. However, we have a couple of tricks up our sleeve through our Tank healing and/or raid healing. You can click on a Trainer’s name from the lists below to see its exact location. Contribute. Finally, a Feral. 3. and.